Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers to affect both women and men in B.C. Every year, an estimated 3,630 people will be diagnosed with colorectal cancer in our province, with one in six British Columbians being diagnosed in their lifetime.

Rates are on the rise in young people under the age of 50, who are more likely to be diagnosed at advanced stages. This highlights the critical need for new, innovative research to improve outcomes and enhance the quality of life for patients.

What You Need to Know about Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer starts in the colon or rectum, which make up the large intestine.

In its early stages, colorectal cancer often shows no symptoms. Later-stage symptoms, which can also result from other conditions, include changes in bowel habits, visible or hidden blood in stool, lower abdominal or pelvic pain, bloating, lower back pain, frequent urination, anemia, weight loss, fatigue and nausea.

While half of colorectal cancers can be prevented through a healthy lifestyle, it’s crucial to recognize your risk factors and get screened if you have symptoms or are at increased risk. Those with inflammatory bowel disease, a family history of colorectal cancer, colon polyps or adenomas, as well as individuals who consume high amounts of alcohol and dietary fat, are at higher risk.

How BC Cancer is Advancing Research and Treatments for Colorectal Cancer

Dr. Jonathan Loree, a medical oncologist at BC Cancer – Vancouver who specializes in gastrointestinal cancers, is at the forefront of groundbreaking colorectal cancer research and clinical trials, which are gaining global recognition.

Investigating the Rise of Colorectal Cancer in Young People

Colorectal cancer diagnoses among people under the age of 50 have been steadily climbing, while incidences in those 50 years of age and older are falling. The cause of the increase among young people is being researched, but experts suggest it could be linked to dietary or lifestyle changes in recent decades, including higher consumption of processed meats and sugars. Understanding this demographic shift is important for increasing awareness about colorectal cancer in younger people who may not recognize early symptoms.

Additionally, colorectal cancer in patients under age 50 often exhibits distinct clinical and genetic features. A study by Dr. Loree, based on more than 36,000 colorectal cancer patients, identified subtypes within the 18 to 50 age group. This information helps clinicians create more effective, precise treatment plans.

The LOGIC Study: Improving Treatment Options

Led by Dr. Loree and his colleagues, LOGIC uses circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) — fragments of cancer DNA found in the bloodstream — to uncover new solutions for people facing gastrointestinal cancers, including colorectal cancer. Through a simple, noninvasive blood test, clinicians can analyze ctDNA to identify cancer mutations, understand disease drivers, predict recurrence and tailor therapies to each patient.

The VICTORI Study: Predicting Colorectal Cancer Recurrence

In a successful study, Dr. Loree’s team confirmed ctDNA’s important role in colorectal cancer — the team was able to identify every single cancer before it returned in 80 patients. These findings have the potential to transform the standard of care for colorectal cancer treatment, enabling personalized treatment plans and reducing unnecessary treatment for patients at a low risk of recurrence.

The NEO-RT Trial: Preserving Rectal Function

Available across North America, this leading-edge trial determines if using chemotherapy instead of radiation can completely cure early-stage rectal cancers and avoid surgeries that result in a permanent stoma (a small opening on the abdomen to allow waste to leave the body). After treatment with chemotherapy or radiation, imaging tests sometimes show areas of tissue thickening that may contain cancer. Currently, the only way to know for sure is through major surgery, which may lead to a stoma. However, ctDNA could indicate if cancer is still present and help patients avoid invasive surgeries.

Improving Colon Cancer Recovery with Exercise

BC Cancer participated in a world-first international study showing that structured exercise can significantly improve survival, quality of life and recurrence for people diagnosed with colon cancer. Researchers are now building on these findings with an AI-driven project that will test whether combining automated exercise coaching with clinician oversight can broaden access to effective, safe and personalized exercise support for people facing colon cancer.